Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: Saxton-Shaw K[original query] |
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Short Report: Eastern equine encephalitis virus seroprevalence in Maine cervids, 2012-2017
Kenney JL , Henderson E , Mutebi JP , Saxton-Shaw K , Bosco-Lauth A , Elias SP , Robinson S , Smith RP , Lubelczyk C . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020 103 (6) 2438-2441 Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) first emerged in Maine in the early 2000s and resulted in an epizootic outbreak in 2009. Since 2009, serum samples from cervids throughout Maine have been collected and assessed for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to EEEV to assess EEEV activity throughout the state. We tested 1,119 Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer) and 982 Alces americanus (moose) serum samples collected at tagging stations during the hunting seasons from 2012 to 2017 throughout the state of Maine. Odocoileus virginianus from all 16 counties were EEEV seropositive, whereas A. americanus were seropositive in the northwestern counties of Aroostook, Somerset, Piscataquis, and Franklin counties. Seroprevalence in O. virginianus ranged from 6.6% to 21.2% and in A. americanus from 6.6% to 10.1%. Data from this report in conjunction with findings previously reported from 2009 to 2011 indicate that EEEV is endemic throughout Maine. |
Bloodmeal, Host Selection, and Genetic Admixture Analyses of Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in Chicago, IL.
Kothera L , Mutebi JP , Kenney JL , Saxton-Shaw K , Ward MP , Savage HM . J Med Entomol 2019 57 (1) 78-87 The area in and around Chicago, IL, is a hotspot of West Nile virus activity. The discovery of a Culex pipiens form molestus Forskl population in Chicago in 2009 added to speculation that offspring from hybridization between Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. and f. molestus could show a preference for feeding on humans. We collected blood-fed female mosquitoes (N = 1,023) from eight residential sites and one public park site in Chicago in July and August 2012. Bloodmeal analysis using the COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) gene was performed to ascertain host choice. Almost all (99%) bloodmeals came from birds, with American Robins (Turdus migratorius L.) and House Sparrows (Passer domesticus L.) making up the largest percentage (74% combined). A forage ratio analysis comparing bird species fed upon and available bird species based on point count surveys indicated Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) and American Robins (Turdus migratorius) appeared to be over-utilized, whereas several species were under-utilized. Two human bloodmeals came from Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes. Admixture and population genetic analyses were conducted with 15 microsatellite loci on head and thorax DNA from the collected blood-fed mosquitoes. A modest amount of hybridization was detected between Cx. pipiens f. pipiens and f. molestus, as well as between f. pipiens and Cx. quinquefasciatus Say. Several pure Cx. quinquefasciatus individuals were noted at the two Trumbull Park sites. Our data suggest that Cx. pipiens complex mosquitoes in the Chicago area are not highly introgressed with f. molestus and appear to utilize avian hosts. |
The first outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis in Vermont: outbreak description and phylogenetic relationships of the virus isolate
Saxton-Shaw KD , Ledermann JP , Kenney JL , Berl E , Graham AC , Russo JM , Powers AM , Mutebi JP . PLoS One 2015 10 (6) e0128712 The first known outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in Vermont occurred on an emu farm in Rutland County in 2011. The first isolation of EEE virus (EEEV) in Vermont (VT11) was during this outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that VT11 was most closely related to FL01, a strain from Florida isolated in 2001, which is both geographically and temporally distinct from VT11. EEEV RNA was not detected in any of the 3,905 mosquito specimens tested, and the specific vectors associated with this outbreak are undetermined. |
Detection of eastern equine encephalitis virus antibodies in moose (Alces americana), Maine, 2010
Lubelczyk C , Elias SP , Kantar L , Albert J , Hansen S , Saxton-Shaw K , Macmillan K , Smith LB , Eisen R , Swope B , Smith RP , Mutebi JP . Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2014 14 (1) 77-81 Moose sera were collected from harvested animals during the 2010 hunting season in Maine. Of the 145 serum samples screened by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), 16 (11%) had antibodies to eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV). Positive samples were collected from Aroostook County (n=13), Somerset County (n=2), and Piscataquis County (n=1) in northern and central Maine. Preliminary mosquito surveillance revealed the presence of enzootic and bridge vectors mosquitoes, including Culiseta (Climacura) melanura (Coquillett), Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen), and Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) perturbans (Walker). Select mosquito species were tested by RT-PCR for the presence of EEEV. None were positive. This is the first report of EEEV in moose from Maine. |
O'nyong nyong virus molecular determinants of unique vector specificity reside in non-structural protein 3
Saxton-Shaw KD , Ledermann JP , Borland EM , Stovall JL , Mossel EC , Singh AJ , Wilusz J , Powers AM . PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013 7 (1) e1931 O'nyong nyong virus (ONNV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are two closely related alphaviruses with very different infection patterns in the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. ONNV is the only alphavirus transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes, but specific molecular determinants of infection of this unique vector specificity remain unidentified. Fifteen distinct chimeric viruses were constructed to evaluate both structural and non-structural regions of the genome and infection patterns were determined through artificial infectious feeds in An. gambiae with each of these chimeras. Only one region, non-structural protein 3 (nsP3), was sufficient to up-regulate infection to rates similar to those seen with parental ONNV. When ONNV non-structural protein 3 (nsP3) replaced nsP3 from CHIKV virus in one of the chimeric viruses, infection rates in An. gambiae went from 0% to 63.5%. No other single gene or viral region addition was able to restore infection rates. Thus, we have shown that a non-structural genome element involved in viral replication is a major element involved in ONNV's unique vector specificity. |
Serological evidence for Eastern equine encephalitis virus activity in white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, in Vermont, 2010
Berl E , Eisen RJ , Macmillan K , Swope BN , Saxton-Shaw KD , Graham AC , Turmel JP , Mutebi JP . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012 88 (1) 103-7 Serum samples from 489 free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were screened for antibodies against the Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs). EEEV antibodies were detected in 10.2% of serum samples. This evidence is the first evidence that EEEV is present in Vermont. Serum was collected from deer in all 14 counties in the state, and positive EEEV sera were found in 12 (85%) of 14 counties, suggesting statewide EEEV activity in Vermont. Analysis of the spatial distribution of PRNT-positive samples revealed a random distribution of EEEV throughout the state. Results indicate widespread EEEV activity in Vermont, and they suggest that EEEV is not a recent introduction in the state but that EEEV activity has not been detected until now. |
Eastern equine encephalitis in moose (Alces americanus) in northeastern Vermont
Mutebi JP , Swope BN , Saxton-Shaw KD , Graham AC , Turmel JP , Berl E . J Wildl Dis 2012 48 (4) 1109-12 During fall 2010, 21 moose (Alces americanus) sera collected in northeastern Vermont were screened for eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) antibodies using plaque reduction neutralization tests. Six (29%) were antibody positive. This is the first evidence of EEEV activity in Vermont, and the second report of EEEV antibodies in moose. |
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